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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Dryopithecus</i></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Dryopithecus</i><br><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="Serravallian" title="Serravallian">Serravallian</a>–<a href="Tortonian" title="Tortonian">Tortonian</a> <br></div>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Mandible fragment of <i>D. fontani</i> from Saint-Gaudens, France (Middle Miocene, 11.5 mya); cast from <a href="National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Natural History (France)">Museum national d'histoire naturelle</a>, Paris

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a>

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<td>Suborder:

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<td><a href="Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a>

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<td>Infraorder:

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<td><a href="Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a>

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<td>Subfamily:

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<td><a href="Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a>

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<td>Tribe:

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<td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><br><small><a href="%C3%89douard_Lartet" title="Édouard Lartet">Lartet</a>, 1856<sup id="cite_ref-Lartet1856_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lartet1856-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Species<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>†<i>D. fontani</i><sup id="cite_ref-Lartet1856_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lartet1856-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><small><a href="%C3%89douard_Lartet" title="Édouard Lartet">Lartet</a>, 1856</small></li>

<li>?†<i>D. carinthiacus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mottl1957_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mottl1957-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br><small>Mottl, 1957</small></li></ul>

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<p><i><b>Dryopithecus</b></i> is a <a href="Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a> from the <a href="Middle_Miocene" title="Middle Miocene">middle</a>–<a href="Late_Miocene" title="Late Miocene">late Miocene</a> boundary of Europe 12.5 to 11.1 <a href="Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">million years ago</a> (mya). Since its discovery in 1856, the genus has been subject to taxonomic turmoil, with numerous new species being described from single remains based on minute differences amongst each other, and the fragmentary nature of the <a href="Holotype_specimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Holotype specimen">holotype specimen</a> makes differentiating remains difficult. There is currently only one uncontested species, the <a href="Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> <i><b>D. fontani</b></i>, though there may be more. The genus is placed into the <a href="Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a> <a href="Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a>, which is either an offshoot of <a href="Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a>, <a href="Homininae" title="Homininae">African apes</a>, or is its own separate branch.

</p><p>A male specimen was estimated to have weighed 44 kg (97 lb) in life. <i>Dryopithecus</i> likely predominantly ate ripe fruit from trees, suggesting a degree of <a href="Suspensory_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspensory behaviour">suspensory behaviour</a> to reach them, though the anatomy of a <a href="Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a> and <a href="Femur" title="Femur">femur</a> suggest a greater reliance on walking on all fours (<a href="Quadrupedalism" title="Quadrupedalism">quadrupedalism</a>). The face was similar to <a href="Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a>, and males had longer canines than females, which is typically correlated with high levels of <a href="Agonistic_behaviour" title="Agonistic behaviour">aggression</a>. They lived in a seasonal, paratropical climate, and may have built up fat reserves for winter. European great apes likely went extinct during a drying and cooling trend in the Late Miocene which caused the retreat of warm-climate forests.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Genus_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus name">genus name</a> <i>Dryopithecus</i> comes from <a href="Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <i>drus</i> 'oak tree' and <i>pithekos</i> '<a href="Ape" title="Ape">ape</a>' because the <a href="Author_citation_(zoology)" title="Author citation (zoology)">authority</a> believed it inhabited an <a href="Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> or <a href="Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> forest in an environment similar to modern day Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species <i>D. fontani</i> was named in honour of its discoverer, local collector Monsieur Alfred Fontan.<sup id="cite_ref-Lartet1856_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lartet1856-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div>

<p>The first <i>Dryopithecus</i> fossils were <a href="Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> from the French <a href="Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> by French paleontologist <a href="%C3%89douard_Lartet" title="Édouard Lartet">Édouard Lartet</a> in 1856,<sup id="cite_ref-Lartet1856_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lartet1856-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three years before <a href="Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> published his <i><a href="On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i>. Subsequent authors noted similarities to modern African <a href="Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a>. In his <i><a href="The_Descent_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="The Descent of Man">The Descent of Man</a></i>, Darwin briefly noted that <i>Dryopithecus</i> casts doubt on the African origin of apes:

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<p>...it is somewhat more probable that our early progenitors lived on the African continent than elsewhere. But it is useless to speculate on this subject; for two or three anthropomorphous apes, one the Dryopithecus of Lartet, nearly as large as a man, and closely allied to <a href="Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobates</a>, existed in Europe during the Miocene age; and since so remote a period the earth has certainly undergone many great revolutions, and there has been ample time for migration on the largest scale.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p><i>Dryopithecus</i> taxonomy has been the subject of much turmoil, with new specimens being the basis of a new species or genus based on minute differences, resulting in several now-defunct species.<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1960s, all non-<a href="Human" title="Human">human</a> apes were classified into the now-<a href="Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">obsolete</a> <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="Pongidae" title="Pongidae">Pongidae</a>, and extinct apes into <a href="Dryopithecidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryopithecidae">Dryopithecidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, English palaeoanthropologist <a href="David_Pilbeam" title="David Pilbeam">David Pilbeam</a> and American palaeontologist <a href="Elwyn_L._Simons" title="Elwyn L. Simons">Elwyn L. Simons</a> separated the genus–which included specimens from across the <a href="Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> at the time–into three <a href="Subgenera" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenera">subgenera</a>: <i>Dryopithecus</i> in Europe, <i>Sivapithecus</i> in Asia, and <i>Proconsul</i> in Africa. Afterwards, there was discussion over whether each of these subgenera should be elevated to genus. In 1979, <i><a href="Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i> was elevated to genus, and <i>Dryopithecus</i> was subdivided again into the subgenera <i>Dryopithecus</i> in Europe, and <i>Proconsul</i>, <i>Limnopithecus</i>, and <i>Rangwapithecus</i> in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since that time, several more species were assigned and moved, and by the 21st century, the genus included <i>D. fontani</i>, <i><a href="Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">D. brancoi</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">D. laietanus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">D. crusafonti</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 2009 discovery of a partial skull of <i>D. fontani</i> caused many of them to be split off into different genera, such as the newly erected <i><a href="Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>, because part of the confusion was caused by the fragmentary nature of the <i>Dryopithecus</i> <a href="Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> with vague and incomplete diagnostic characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-MoyaSola2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoyaSola2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>Currently, there is only one uncontested species, <i>D. fontani</i>. Specimens are:

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<ul><li>Holotype MNHNP AC 36, three pieces of a male mandible with teeth from <a href="Saint-Gaudens%2C_Haute-Garonne" title="Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne">Saint-Gaudens</a> in the French Pyrenees.<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on dental development in <a href="Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a>, it was 6 to 8 years old, and several diagnostic characteristics made from the holotype would be lost in mature <i>D. fontani</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A partial left <a href="Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a> arm bone, an additional mandible (MNHNP 1872-2), a left lower jaw and five isolated teeth are also known from the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Pilbeam1971_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilbeam1971-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>An upper <a href="Incisor" title="Incisor">incisor</a>, NMB G.a.9., and female upper <a href="Molar_tooth" class="mw-redirect" title="Molar tooth">molar</a>, FSL 213981, come from <a href="Saint-Alban-de-Roche" title="Saint-Alban-de-Roche">Saint-Alban-de-Roche</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>A male partial face, IPS35026, and femur, IPS41724, from Vallès Penedès in <a href="Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-MoyaSola2009_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoyaSola2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>A female mandible with teeth, LMK-Pal 5508, from St. Stefan, <a href="Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a>, Austria 12.5 mya, which could possibly be considered a separate species, "<i>D. carinthiacus</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fuss2018_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuss2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mottl1957_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mottl1957-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p><i>Dryopithecus</i> is classified into the namesake great ape <a href="Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a> <a href="Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a>, along with <i><a href="Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i>, and <i><a href="Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i>, though the latter two may belong to <i>Dryopithecus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the former two may be synonymous, and the former three can also be placed into their own tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-Rios2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rios2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dryopithecini is either regarded as an offshoot of <a href="Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a> (<a href="Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Alba2012_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alba2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an ancestor to African apes and humans (<a href="Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Begun2005_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2005-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or its own separate branch (<a href="Dryopithecinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryopithecinae">Dryopithecinae</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Rios2014_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rios2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Dryopithecus</i> was a part of an <a href="Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">adaptive radiation</a> of <a href="Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a> in the expanding forests of Europe in the warm climates of the Miocene Climatic Optimum, possibly descending from <a href="Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">early</a> or <a href="Middle_Miocene" title="Middle Miocene">middle</a> Miocene African apes which diversified in the proceeding <a href="Middle_Miocene_disruption" title="Middle Miocene disruption">Middle Miocene disruption</a> (a cooling event). It is possible great apes first evolved in Europe or Asia, and then migrated down into Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Begun1992_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun1992-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begun2018_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>Based on measurements of the <a href="Femoral_head" title="Femoral head">femoral head</a> of the Spanish IPS41724, the living weight for a male <i>Dryopithecus</i> was estimated to be 44 kg (97 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-MoyaSola2009_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoyaSola2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Dryopithecus</i> teeth are most similar to those of modern chimps. The teeth are small and have a thin <a href="Tooth_enamel" title="Tooth enamel">enamel</a> layer. <i>Dryopithecus</i> has a slender jaw, indicating it was not well-suited for eating abrasive or hard food. Like modern apes, the males have pronounced canine teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-Alba2001_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alba2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alba2012_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alba2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Molar_tooth" class="mw-redirect" title="Molar tooth">molars</a> are wide, and the <a href="Premolar" title="Premolar">premolars</a> wider. It has a wide <a href="Palate" title="Palate">roof of the mouth</a>, a long <a href="Muzzle_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (anatomy)">muzzle</a> (<a href="Prognathism" title="Prognathism">prognathism</a>), and a large nose which is oriented nearly vertically to the face. In total, the face shows many similarities to the <a href="Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorilla</a>; since early to middle Miocene African apes do not share such similarities, gorilla-like features likely evolved independently in <i>Dryopithecus</i> rather than as a result of close <a href="Affinity_(taxonomy)" title="Affinity (taxonomy)">affinities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MoyaSola2009_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoyaSola2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The humerus, measuring an approximate 265 mm (10.4 in), is similar in size and form to the <a href="Bonobo" title="Bonobo">bonobo</a>. Like in bonobos, the <a href="Diaphysis" title="Diaphysis">shaft</a> bows outward, and the <a href="Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">insertion</a> for the <a href="Triceps" title="Triceps">triceps</a> and <a href="Deltoid_muscle" title="Deltoid muscle">deltoids</a> was poorly developed, suggesting <i>Dryopithecus</i> was not as adept to <a href="Suspensory_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspensory behaviour">suspensory behaviour</a> as orangutans.<sup id="cite_ref-Pilbeam1971_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilbeam1971-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Femoral_neck" title="Femoral neck">femoral neck</a>, which connects the femoral head to the <a href="Femoral_shaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Femoral shaft">femoral shaft</a>, is not very long nor steep; the femoral head is positioned low to the <a href="Greater_trochanter" title="Greater trochanter">greater trochanter</a>; and the <a href="Lesser_trochanter" title="Lesser trochanter">lesser trochanter</a> is positioned more towards the backside. All these characteristics are important in the mobility of the <a href="Hip" title="Hip">hip</a> joint, and indicate a <a href="Quadrupedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrupedal">quadrupedal</a> mode of locomotion rather than suspensory.<sup id="cite_ref-MoyaSola2009_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoyaSola2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, fruit trees in the time and area of the Austrian <i>Dryopithecus</i> were typically 5 to 12 m (16 to 39 ft) high and bore fruit on thinner terminal branches, suggesting suspensory behaviour to reach them.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuss2018_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuss2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleobiology">Paleobiology</h2></div>

<p><i>Dryopithecus</i> likely predominantly ate fruit (<a href="Frugivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Frugivory">frugivory</a>), and evidence of <a href="Tooth_decay" title="Tooth decay">cavities</a> on the teeth of the Austrian <i>Dryopithecus</i> indicates a high-sugar diet, likely deriving from ripe fruits and honey.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuss2018_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuss2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dental wearing indicates <i>Dryopithecus</i> ate both soft and hard food, which could either indicate they consumed a wide array of different foods, or they ate harder foods as a fallback.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, its unspecialized teeth indicate it had a flexible diet, and large body size would have permitted a large gut to aid in the processing of less-digestible food, perhaps stretching to include foods such as leaves (<a href="Folivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Folivory">folivory</a>) in times of famine like in modern apes. Unlike modern apes, <i>Dryopithecus</i> likely had a high <a href="Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a>, low <a href="Fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre">fibre</a> diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuss2018_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuss2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A high-<a href="Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a> diet is associated with elevated levels of <a href="Uric_acid" title="Uric acid">uric acid</a>, which is neutralized by <a href="Uricase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uricase">uricase</a> in most animals except great apes. It is thought they stopped producing it by 15 mya, resulting in increased <a href="Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, which in turn led to increased activity, and a greater ability to build up fat reserves. The palaeoenvironment of late Miocene Austria indicates an abundance of fruiting trees and <a href="Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> for nine or ten months out of the year, and <i>Dryopithecus</i> may have relied on these fat reserves during the late winter. High uric acid levels in the blood are also associated with increased intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuss2018_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuss2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Dryopithecus</i> males had larger canines than females, which is associated with high levels of aggression in modern primates.<sup id="cite_ref-Alba2001_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alba2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleoecology">Paleoecology</h2></div>

<p>The remains of <i>Dryopithecus</i> are often associated with several large mammals, such as proboscideans (e. g., though not limited to, <i><a href="Gomphotherium" title="Gomphotherium">Gomphotherium</a></i>), rhinoceroses (e. g., <i><a href="Lartetotherium" title="Lartetotherium">Lartetotherium</a></i>), suids (e. g., <i><a href="Listriodon" title="Listriodon">Listriodon</a></i>), bovids (e. g., <i><a href="Miotragocerus" title="Miotragocerus">Miotragocerus</a></i>), equids (e. g., <i><a href="Anchitherium" title="Anchitherium">Anchitherium</a></i>), <a href="Hyaenids" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenids">hyaenids</a> (e. g., <i><a href="Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium</a></i>), and felids (e. g., <i><a href="Pseudaelurus" title="Pseudaelurus">Pseudaelurus</a></i>). Other associated primates are the great apes <i>Hispanopithecus</i>, <i>Anoiapithecus</i>, and <i>Pierolapithecus</i>; and the <a href="Pliopithecidae" title="Pliopithecidae">pliopithecid ape</a> <i><a href="Pliopithecus" title="Pliopithecus">Pliopithecus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Casanovas2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casanovas2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fauna are consistent with a warm, forested, <a href="Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">paratropical</a> wetland environment,<sup id="cite_ref-Casanovas2016_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casanovas2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it may have lived in a seasonal climate. For the Austrian <i>Dryopithecus</i>, plants such as <i><a href="Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i>, <a href="Grapevine" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapevine">grapevines</a>, <a href="Black_mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Black mulberry">black mulberry</a>, <a href="Arbutus_unedo" title="Arbutus unedo">strawberry trees</a>, <a href="Hickory" title="Hickory">hickory</a>, and <a href="Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnuts</a> may have been important fruit sources; and the latter two, oak, <a href="Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>, <a href="Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>, and <a href="Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> honey sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuss2018_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuss2018-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The late Miocene was the beginning of a drying trend in Europe. Increasing seasonality and <a href="Dry_spell" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry spell">dry spells</a> in the Mediterranean region and the emergence of a <a href="Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> likely caused the replacement of forestland and woodland by open <a href="Shrubland" title="Shrubland">shrubland</a>; and the uplift of the <a href="Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> caused tropical and warm-climate vegetation in Central Europe to retreat in favor of mid-latitude and <a href="Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> flora. This likely led to the extinction of great apes in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dryopithecus" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></span>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dryopithecus" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">Timeline of human evolution</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Rangwapithecus" title="Rangwapithecus">Rangwapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i></li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLartet1856" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="%C3%89douard_Lartet" title="Édouard Lartet">Lartet, É.</a> (1856). "Note sur un grand Singe fossile qui se rattache au groupe des Singes Supérieurs" [Note on the large ape fossils related to the great apes]. <i>Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris</i> (in French). <b>43</b>: <span class="nowrap">219–</span>223.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Mottl1957-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mottl1957_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mottl1957_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMottl1957" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mottl, V. M. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/CAR_147_67_0039-0084.pdf">"Bericht über die neuen Menschenaffenfunde aus Österreich, von St. Stefan im Lavanttal, Kärnten"</a> [Report on new apes from Austria, from St. Stefan im Lavanttal, Carinthia] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Carinthia II</i> (in German). <b>67</b>: <span class="nowrap">39–</span>84.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Begun2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begun2018_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBegun2018" class="citation book cs1">Begun, D. R. (2018). "Dryopithecus". <i></i>Dryopithecus<i></i>. Wiley Online Library. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>4. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118584538.ieba0143">10.1002/9781118584538.ieba0143</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781118584422</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240097940">240097940</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCsmeron2004" class="citation book cs1">Csmeron, D. W. (2004). <i>Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions</i>. UNSW Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">138–</span>139. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-86840-716-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1875" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin, C.</a> (1875). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="wikisource:The Descent of Man (Darwin)/Chapter VI"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man_(Darwin)/Chapter_VI"><i>The Descent of Man</i> </a></span>. D. Appleton and Company. p. 199.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSzalayDelson1979" class="citation book cs1">Szalay, F. S.; Delson, E. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jE7gBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA470"><i>Evolutionary History of the Primates</i></a>. Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">470–</span>490. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4832-8925-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDeMiguelAlbaMoyà-Solà2014" class="citation journal cs1">DeMiguel, D.; Alba, D. M.; <a href="Salvador_Moy%C3%A0-Sol%C3%A0" title="Salvador Moyà-Solà">Moyà-Solà, S.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4029579">"Dietary Specialization during the Evolution of Western Eurasian Hominoids and the Extinction of European Great Apes"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>9</b> (5): e97442. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...997442D">2014PLoSO...997442D</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0097442">10.1371/journal.pone.0097442</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4029579">4029579</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848272">24848272</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Casanovas2016-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Casanovas2016_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Casanovas2016_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCasanovas-VilarMadernAlba2016" class="citation journal cs1">Casanovas-Vilar, I.; Madern, A.; Alba, D. M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2015.07.004">"The Miocene mammal record of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia)"</a>. <i>Comptes Rendus Palevol</i>. <b>15</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">791–</span>812. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CRPal..15..791C">2016CRPal..15..791C</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2015.07.004">10.1016/j.crpv.2015.07.004</a></span>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2445%2F164290">2445/164290</a></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeinGinsburg2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mein, P.; Ginsburg, L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/mhnly_1627-3516_2002_num_5_2_1328?pageid=t1_32">"Sur l'âge relatif des différents dépôts karstiques miocènes de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère)"</a> [On the relative age of the different karstic Miocene deposits of La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère)]. <i>Cahiers scientifiques</i> (in French). <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">7–</span>47. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fmhnly.2002.1328">10.3406/mhnly.2002.1328</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192653053">192653053</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGross2008" class="citation journal cs1">Gross, M. (2008). "A limnic ostracod fauna from the surroundings of the Central Paratethys (Late Middle Miocene/Early Late Miocene; Styrian Basin; Austria)". <i>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</i>. <b>264</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">263–</span>276. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PPP...264..263G">2008PPP...264..263G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2007.03.054">10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.054</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMerceronKaiserKostopoulosSchulz2010" class="citation journal cs1">Merceron, G.; Kaiser, T. M.; Kostopoulos, D. S.; Schulz, E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982054">"Ruminant diets and the Miocene extinction of European great apes"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B</i>. <b>277</b> (1697): <span class="nowrap">3105–</span>3112. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2010.0523">10.1098/rspb.2010.0523</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982054">2982054</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20519220">20519220</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

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</style><div id="Haplorhini181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>

<li>Phylum: <a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li>

<li>Class: <a href="Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li>

<li>Order: <a href="Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Haplorhini181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†&quot;Omomyidae&quot;257" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>"<a href="Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Altanius" title="Altanius">Altanius</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Bownomomys" title="Bownomomys">Bownomomys</a></i></li>

<li><i>Kohatius</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microchoerinae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Indusomys</i></li>

<li><i>Melaneremia</i></li>

<li><i>Microchoerus</i></li>

<li><i>Nannopithex</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Necrolemur" title="Necrolemur">Necrolemur</a></i></li>

<li><i>Paraloris</i></li>

<li><i>Pseudoloris</i></li>

<li><i>Quercyloris</i></li>

<li><i>Vectipithex</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="Anaptomorphinae" title="Anaptomorphinae">Anaptomorphinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Absarokius</i></li>

<li><i>Anaptomorphus</i></li>

<li><i>Anemorhysis</i></li>

<li><i>Arapahovius</i></li>

<li><i>Aycrossia</i></li>

<li><i>Chlororhysis</i></li>

<li><i>Gazinius</i></li>

<li><i>Pseudotetonius</i></li>

<li><i>Sphacorhysis</i></li>

<li><i>Strigorhysis</i></li>

<li><i>Tatmanius</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Teilhardina" title="Teilhardina">Teilhardina</a></i></li>

<li><i>Tetonius</i></li>

<li><i>Tetonoides</i></li>

<li><i>Trogolemur</i></li>

<li><i>Walshina</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Omomyinae"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Ageitodendron</i></li>

<li><i>Asiomomys</i></li>

<li><i>Brontomomys</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Chipetaia" title="Chipetaia">Chipetaia</a></i></li>

<li><i>Chumashius</i></li>

<li><i>Diablomomys</i></li>

<li><i>Dyseolemur</i></li>

<li><i>Ekwiiyemakius</i></li>

<li><i>Gunnelltarsius</i></li>

<li><i>Hemiacodon</i></li>

<li><i>Jemezius</i></li>

<li><i>Loveina</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Macrotarsius" title="Macrotarsius">Macrotarsius</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Nesomomys" title="Nesomomys">Nesomomys</a></i></li>

<li><i>Omomys</i></li>

<li><i>Ourayia</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Rooneyia" title="Rooneyia">Rooneyia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shoshonius" title="Shoshonius">Shoshonius</a></i></li>

<li><i>Steinius</i></li>

<li><i>Stockia</i></li>

<li><i>Uintanius</i></li>

<li><i>Utahia</i></li>

<li><i>Washakius</i></li>

<li><i>Wyomomys</i></li>

<li><i>Yaquius</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tarkadectinae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Tarka</i></li>

<li><i>Tarkadectes</i></li>

<li><i>Tarkops</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tarsiiformes" title="Tarsiiformes">Tarsiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Archicebus" title="Archicebus">Archicebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a></b>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b>"<a href="Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</b>?</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tarsier" title="Tarsier">Tarsiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Philippine_tarsier" title="Philippine tarsier">Carlito</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Horsfield's_tarsier" title="Horsfield's tarsier">Cephalopachus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Hesperotarsius</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Oligotarsius</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tarsius" title="Tarsius">Tarsius</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Xanthorhysis</i>?</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Simiiformes181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Simiiformes108" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Amamria" title="Amamria">Amamria</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Aseanpithecus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Nosmips" title="Nosmips">Nosmips</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Phileosimias" title="Phileosimias">Phileosimias</a></i>?</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Afrasia_djijidae" title="Afrasia djijidae">Afrasia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Afrotarsius" title="Afrotarsius">Afrotarsius</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Eosimiidae" title="Eosimiidae">Eosimiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Bahinia</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Eosimias" title="Eosimias">Eosimias</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Phenacopithecus" title="Phenacopithecus">Phenacopithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Amphipithecidae" title="Amphipithecidae">Amphipithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Amphipithecus" title="Amphipithecus">Amphipithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i>Bugtipithecus</i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Ganlea" title="Ganlea">Ganlea</a></i></li>

<li><i>Krabia</i></li>

<li><i>Myanmarpithecus</i></li>

<li><i>Pondaungia</i></li>

<li><i>Siamopithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Parapithecoidea" title="Parapithecoidea">Parapithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Arsinoea" title="Arsinoea">Arsinoea</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Biretia" title="Biretia">Biretia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Proteopithecidae" title="Proteopithecidae">Proteopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Proteopithecus</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Serapia_eocaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Serapia eocaena">Serapia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Parapithecidae" title="Parapithecidae">Parapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Abuqatrania</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Apidium" title="Apidium">Apidium</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Parapithecus" title="Parapithecus">Parapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Qatrania" title="Qatrania">Qatrania</a></i></li>

<li><i>Ucayalipithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">Platyrrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Parvimico</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Perupithecus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Szalatavus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Canaanimico" title="Canaanimico">Canaanimico</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Branisella" title="Branisella">Branisella</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Lagonimico" title="Lagonimico">Lagonimico</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Aotidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotidae">Aotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Night_monkey" title="Night monkey">Aotus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Tremacebus" title="Tremacebus">Tremacebus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pitheciidae" title="Pitheciidae">Pitheciidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Hispaniola_monkey" title="Hispaniola monkey">Antillothrix</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Uakari" title="Uakari">Cacajao</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Callicebus" title="Callicebus">Callicebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Carlocebus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Cebupithecia" title="Cebupithecia">Cebupithecia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Cheracebus" title="Cheracebus">Cheracebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Bearded_saki" title="Bearded saki">Chiropotes</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Homunculus_patagonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homunculus patagonicus">Homunculus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Insulacebus" title="Insulacebus">Insulacebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Mazzonicebus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Miocallicebus" title="Miocallicebus">Miocallicebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Nuciruptor" title="Nuciruptor">Nuciruptor</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Saki_monkey" title="Saki monkey">Pithecia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Plecturocebus" title="Plecturocebus">Plecturocebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Proteropithecia</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Soriacebus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Jamaican_monkey" title="Jamaican monkey">Xenothrix</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Atelidae" title="Atelidae">Atelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Howler_monkey" title="Howler monkey">Alouatta</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Spider_monkey" title="Spider monkey">Ateles</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Muriqui" title="Muriqui">Brachyteles</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Caipora_bambuiorum" title="Caipora bambuiorum">Caipora</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Cartelles" title="Cartelles">Cartelles</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Chilecebus" title="Chilecebus">Chilecebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Woolly_monkey" title="Woolly monkey">Lagothrix</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Mohanamico" title="Mohanamico">Mohanamico</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Yellow-tailed_woolly_monkey" title="Yellow-tailed woolly monkey">Oreonax</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Paralouatta" title="Paralouatta">Paralouatta</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Protopithecus" title="Protopithecus">Protopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Solimoea" title="Solimoea">Solimoea</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Stirtonia_(mammal)" title="Stirtonia (mammal)">Stirtonia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cebidae" title="Cebidae">Cebidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Acrecebus" title="Acrecebus">Acrecebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Gracile_capuchin_monkey" title="Gracile capuchin monkey">Cebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Dolichocebus" title="Dolichocebus">Dolichocebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Killikaike" class="mw-redirect" title="Killikaike">Killikaike</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Panamacebus" title="Panamacebus">Panamacebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Patasola_magdalenae" title="Patasola magdalenae">Patasola</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Squirrel_monkey" title="Squirrel monkey">Saimiri</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Robust_capuchin_monkey" title="Robust capuchin monkey">Sapajus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Callitrichidae" title="Callitrichidae">Callitrichidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Goeldi's_marmoset" title="Goeldi's marmoset">Callimico</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Callithrix" title="Callithrix">Callithrix</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pygmy_marmoset" title="Pygmy marmoset">Cebuella</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Saddle-back_tamarin" title="Saddle-back tamarin">Leontocebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Lion_tamarin" title="Lion tamarin">Leontopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Micodon" title="Micodon">Micodon</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tamarin" title="Tamarin">Saguinus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Catarrhini181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini100" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Saadanius" title="Saadanius">Saadanius</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Oligopithecidae" title="Oligopithecidae">Oligopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Catopithecus" title="Catopithecus">Catopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Oligopithecus" title="Oligopithecus">Oligopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i>Talahpithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Propliopithecoidea" title="Propliopithecoidea">Propliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Aegyptopithecus" title="Aegyptopithecus">Aegyptopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Propliopithecus" title="Propliopithecus">Propliopithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Pliopithecoidea" title="Pliopithecoidea">Pliopithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Krishnapithecus</i></li>

<li><i>Paidopithex</i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pliopithecidae" title="Pliopithecidae">Pliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Epipliopithecus" title="Epipliopithecus">Epipliopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pliopithecus" title="Pliopithecus">Pliopithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dionysopithecidae" title="Dionysopithecidae">Dionysopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Dionysopithecus</i></li>

<li><i>Platodontopithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Crouzeliinae" title="Crouzeliinae">Crouzeliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Anapithecus" title="Anapithecus">Anapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i>Barberapithecus</i></li>

<li><i>Crouzelia</i></li>

<li><i>Egarapithecus</i></li>

<li><i>Fanchangia</i></li>

<li><i>Laccopithecus</i></li>

<li><i>Plesiopliopithecus</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pliobates" title="Pliobates">Pliobates</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Cercopithecoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Alophe" title="Alophe">Alophe</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>Victoriapithecidae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Noropithecus" title="Noropithecus">Noropithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Nsungwepithecus" title="Nsungwepithecus">Nsungwepithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><i>Prohylobates</i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Victoriapithecus" title="Victoriapithecus">Victoriapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i>Zaltanpithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Colobinae" title="Colobinae">Colobinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Cercopithecoides" title="Cercopithecoides">Cercopithecoides</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Black-and-white_colobus" title="Black-and-white colobus">Colobus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Dolichopithecus" title="Dolichopithecus">Dolichopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Kuseracolobus</i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Libypithecus" title="Libypithecus">Libypithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Mesopithecus" title="Mesopithecus">Mesopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Microcolobus" title="Microcolobus">Microcolobus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Proboscis_monkey" title="Proboscis monkey">Nasalis</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Paracolobus" title="Paracolobus">Paracolobus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Parapresbytis" title="Parapresbytis">Parapresbytis</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Red_colobus" title="Red colobus">Piliocolobus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Presbytis" title="Presbytis">Presbytis</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Olive_colobus" title="Olive colobus">Procolobus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Douc" title="Douc">Pygathrix</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Rhinocolobus" title="Rhinocolobus">Rhinocolobus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Snub-nosed_monkey" title="Snub-nosed monkey">Rhinopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Sawecolobus" title="Sawecolobus">Sawecolobus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Semnopithecus" title="Semnopithecus">Semnopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pig-tailed_langur" title="Pig-tailed langur">Simias</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Trachypithecus" title="Trachypithecus">Trachypithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cercopithecinae" title="Cercopithecinae">Cercopithecinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cercopithecini" title="Cercopithecini">Cercopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Allen's_swamp_monkey" title="Allen's swamp monkey">Allenopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Allochrocebus" title="Allochrocebus">Allochrocebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Guenon" title="Guenon">Cercopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Chlorocebus" title="Chlorocebus">Chlorocebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Erythrocebus" title="Erythrocebus">Erythrocebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Talapoin" title="Talapoin">Miopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Nanopithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Papionini" title="Papionini">Papionini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="White-eyelid_mangabey" title="White-eyelid mangabey">Cercocebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Dinopithecus" title="Dinopithecus">Dinopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Gorgopithecus" title="Gorgopithecus">Gorgopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Crested_mangabey" title="Crested mangabey">Lophocebus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Macaque" title="Macaque">Macaca</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mandrillus" title="Mandrillus">Mandrillus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Baboon" title="Baboon">Papio</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Paradolichopithecus" title="Paradolichopithecus">Paradolichopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Parapapio" title="Parapapio">Parapapio</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Pliopapio" title="Pliopapio">Pliopapio</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Procercocebus" title="Procercocebus">Procercocebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Procynocephalus</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kipunji" title="Kipunji">Rungwecebus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i>Soromandrillus</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Theropithecus" title="Theropithecus">Theropithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Hominoidea181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea104" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Afropithecus" title="Afropithecus">Afropithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Ekembo" title="Ekembo">Ekembo</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Equatorius" title="Equatorius">Equatorius</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Griphopithecus" title="Griphopithecus">Griphopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Kamoyapithecus" title="Kamoyapithecus">Kamoyapithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Morotopithecus" title="Morotopithecus">Morotopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Nacholapithecus" title="Nacholapithecus">Nacholapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Proconsul_(mammal)" title="Proconsul (mammal)">Proconsul</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Dendropithecidae" title="Dendropithecidae">Dendropithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Dendropithecus" title="Dendropithecus">Dendropithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Nyanzapithecus" title="Nyanzapithecus">Nyanzapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Rangwapithecus" title="Rangwapithecus">Rangwapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Rukwapithecus" title="Rukwapithecus">Rukwapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Simiolus" title="Simiolus">Simiolus</a></i></li>

<li><i>Turkanapithecus</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Bunopithecus" title="Bunopithecus">Bunopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">Hoolock</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hylobates" title="Hylobates">Hylobates</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Junzi_imperialis" title="Junzi imperialis">Junzi</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Nomascus" title="Nomascus">Nomascus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Siamang" title="Siamang">Symphalangus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Yuanmoupithecus" title="Yuanmoupithecus">Yuanmoupithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Buronius" title="Buronius">Buronius</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Ankarapithecus" title="Ankarapithecus">Ankarapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Indopithecus" title="Indopithecus">Indopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Meganthropus" title="Meganthropus">Meganthropus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><i><a href="Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i>?</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i></li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i>?</li>

<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers1208" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers1208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Dryopithecus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131637" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q131637">Q131637</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dryopithecus" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1034357">1034357</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40893">40893</a></span></span></li></ul>

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